![]() Sound, however, has not only been seen to induce changes by pure mechanical means, it has also been shown to have an impact on the signal paths of plants and the nervous system of animals. The effects of sound on biological structures was also investigated in vitro, showing, for example, that crystallization of proteins is sensitive to audible sound and is frequency-dependent. This study revealed significant upregulation of 87 genes, the majority of which are responsible for abiotic stress response, pathogen responses and oxidation reduction processes interestingly, two genes were involved in the responses to mechanical stimulus. Further, another study showed that survival rate in the conditions of water deprivation is significantly higher in sound-treated Arabidopsis adult plants compared to plants kept in silence. A study about the influence of sound on chrysanthemum plants, discovered that sound wave accelerated the synthesis of RNA and soluble protein, indicating that some stress-induced genes might be switched on under sound stimulation. One study showed that audible sound in the form of music (38–689 Hz) was able to affect growth, metabolism and antibiotic susceptibility of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic microbes. There are many records documenting how sound affects biomolecules in water solutions, single-cells and even whole organisms, plants especially. In physics, sound waves and their properties are widely investigated and generally well-understood, however in life sciences the investigation of sound has not yet received full attention. Being a wave of pressure, the sound acts as a mechanical stimulus and has an influence on the medium through which it propagates. Sounds are mechanical waves of pressure that propagate through a transmission medium. This also means that sound could be effectively used as a perturbation tool together with spectroscopy to identify the type of bio, or aqueous, samples being tested, as well as to identify and even change water functionality. ![]() Even though there was only 8 Hz difference in applied sound frequencies, the change of absorbance at water absorbance bands was specific for each frequency and also water-type-dependent. In general, the sound rearranged the initial water molecular conformations, changing the samples’ properties by increasing strongly bound, ice-like water and decreasing small water clusters and solvation shells. Results on purified and mineral waters reported similar effects from the applied 432 Hz and 440 Hz frequency sound, where significant reduction in spectral variations and increased stability in water were shown after the sound perturbation. ![]() ![]() Using near-infrared spectroscopy and aquaphotomics, this pilot study aimed to better describe and understand the sound-water interaction. The water molecular structure and its changes can be observed as a whole by measuring its electromagnetic (EMG) spectrum. As a compressible media and a “collective mirror”, water is influenced by all internal and external influences, changing its molecular structure accordingly. Sound affects the medium it propagates through and studies on biological systems have shown various properties arising from this phenomenon.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |